References

References

The following references were used to develop the Virtual Angiography Suite:

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[2] Li D & Mujoomdar A. Enhancing radiation safety education during medical training: a Canadian perspective. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2024; 224(1): e2432152.

[3] Smith M, Yanko E, Huynh M, Chan G. X-ray therapy safety and awareness education for medical trainees and attending physicians. Can Urol Assoc J. 2023; 17(2): 25-31.

[4] Li D & Brown AD. Clinical exposure to interventional radiology during clerkship: a national assessment of Canadian medical schools. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. 2022; 74(2): 462-464.

[5] Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology. Medical Student IR Away Elective. Available at:
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[6] Alsafi Z, Bhrugubanda V, Ramachandran S, Alsafi A & Hamady M. Is it time for a specific undergraduate interventional radiology curriculum? Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 2017; 40: 1062-1069.

[7] Taslakian B, Ingber R, Aaltonen E, Horn J, Hickey R. Interventional radiology suite: a primer for trainees. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(9): 1347.

[8] Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology. Virtual Angiography Suite. Available at: https://cairweb.ca/en/the-virtual-angiography-suite/. Accessed April 6, 2025.

[9] Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology. La Salle Virtuelle D’Angiographie. Available at: https://cairweb.ca/fr/la-salle-virtuelle-dangiographie/. Accessed April 6, 2025.

[10] Kaufman JA & Lee MJ. Vascular and interventional radiology: the requisites. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.

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[13] Gopee-Ramanan P, Reis, S. Principles of radiation safety in interventional radiology. In Demystifying Interventional Radiology: A Guide for Medical Students. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022; 13-18.

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[17] Seldinger SI. Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography: a new technique. Acta Radiol. 1953: 39(5): 368-376.

[18] Higgs ZCJ, Macafee DAL, Braithwaite BD, Maxwell-Armstrong CA. The Seldinger technique: 50 years on. The Lancet. 2005; 366(9494): 1407-1409.

[19] American College of Radiology. ACR Manual on Contrast Media. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Clinical-Tools-and-Reference/Contrast-Manual. Accessed April 6, 2025.

[20] Byrne A, Macdonald DB, Kirkpatrick ID, Pham M, Green CR, Copaescu AM, McInnes MD, Ling L, Ellis A, Costa AF. CAR/CSACI Practice Guidance for Contrast Media Hypersensitivity. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. 2025: 1-17.

[21] Harrington DP, Boxt LM & Murray PD. Digital subtraction angiography: overview of technical principles. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1982; 139(4): 781-786.

[22] Kessel D & Robertson I. Interventional radiology: a survival guide e-book. 2016. Elsevier Health Sciences.

[23] Prometheus L. Crack the core: Volume 2. 2023. Independent publishing.

[24] Northcutt BG, Shah AA, Sheu YR, Carmi L. Wires, catheters, and more: a primer for residents and fellows entering interventional radiology. Radiographics. 2015; 35(5): 1621-1622.

[25] Hwang A & Martin J. Common Equipment in Interventional Radiology. In Demystifying Interventional Radiology: A Guide for Medical Students. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022: 19-26.

[26] Ojha V, Raju SN, Deshpande A, Ganga KP, Kumar S. Catheters in vascular interventional radiology: an illustrated review. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. 2023; 29(1): 138.

[27] Tan PL & Gibson M. Central venous catheters: the role of radiology. Clinical Radiology. 2006; 61(1): 13-22.

[28] Kehagias E, Galanakis N and Tsetis D. Central venous catheters: Which, when and how. The British Journal of Radiology. 2023; 96(1151): 20220894.

[29] Lewandowski R, Machan L, Patel PJ, Kandarpa K. Needles, guidewires, catheters, and stents. In Kandarpa Handbook of Interventional Radiologic Procedures. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2023: 821-828.

[30] Radvany MG & Wholey M. Expanding use of embolic protection devices. Seminars in interventional radiology. 2008; 25(1): 27-36.

[31] Medsinge A, Zajko A, Orons P, Amesur N & Santos E. A case-based approach to common embolization agents used in vascular interventional radiology. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2014; 203(4): 699-708.

[32] Vaidya S, Tozer KR & Chen J. An overview of embolic agents. Seminars in interventional radiology. 2008; 25(3): 204-215.

[33] Young S, Rostambeigi N & Golzarian J. The common but complicated tool: review of embolic materials for the interventional radiologist. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 2021; 38(5): 535-541.

[34] Cook Medical. Wire guides. Available at: https://cdnnamsseuspwsprod.azureedge.net/data/resources/IR-WF227102-EN-F_IA_1737553246813.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[35] Boston Scientific. Peripheral interventions 2024 Product Catalog. https://www.bostonscientific.com/content/dam/bostonscientific/pi/product-catalog/PI_Product_Catalog.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[36] Terumo Interventional Systems. Glidewire Hydrophilic Coated Wire. https://www.terumois.com/en-us/product-assets/glidewire/GLIDEWIRE-Expanded-Brochure.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[37] Medtronic. Peripheral Product Catalog. https://europe.medtronic.com/content/dam/medtronic-wide/public/western-europe/products/cardiac-vascular/cardiovascular/peripheral-embolization/peripheral-product-catalog.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[38] Endo-flex GmbH. Guidewires. https://www.endo-flex.de/en/products/detailpage/guide-wires-1/. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[39] Cook Medical. Cook unimpregnated central venous catheter set and tray. Available at: https://www.cookmedical.com/products/5e63624b-4bde-4646-a762-163bea1f89b0/. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[40] Becton Dickinson. Products. Available at: https://www.bd.com/en-ca/products-and-solutions/products/. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[41] Mozarc Medical. Hemodialysis catheters. Available at: https://mozarcmedical.com/products/emea-en/dialysis-access/chronic-hd/catheters/. Accessed April 9, 2025.

[42] ICU Medical. Implantable Ports. https://www.icumed.com/products/infusion-therapy/vascular-access/central-catheters/implantable-ports/port-a-cath-ii-power-port-a-cath-ii-pt-implantable-venous-access-systems/. Accessed April 9, 2025.